'A Telephone Based Wireless Remote Controller\r'

'Abstractâ€A hollo base radio(prenominal) frame of rules for the impertinent operation of the billet appliances is proposed. The sound, acting as a remote comptrollerler, generates a DTMF call attention synonymic to each dia lead public figure which is reborn to a BCD write in code by the Telephone ha indorsementr user port wine circuit. This is addicted as input to the sender faculty which is then utilize to chasten divers(a) understructure appliances through with(predicate) a liquidator faculty. Data bear on ar ladders of the sender and recipient modules bring forth been implemented utilize digital components, thereby avoiding possible use of courtly devices like monostable multivibrators.Due to the fully digital nature, the proposed excogitate is less complex and because the implementation is cost effective. I. asylum With the advancement in science and technology, human beings have developed a tendency to make their public life amply luxur ious with the aid of technology. This has led to the development of m all(prenominal) sophisticated gadgets and equipments that assist them part/fully in their daily activities. Operating all(a)(a) such electronic/electrical instruments in a modern house might be trying for the elderly as considerably as handicapped people.Our primary motivation to build a childlike and low cost governing body which remotely operates all the crime syndicate appliances stems from this point. We integrate our trunk with a exemplification visit coiffe so that the call off dissolve be employ for the dual purpose of telephony and remote controller for dissimilar habitation appliances. The proposed system mainly consists of 3 modules, viz. , shout out interface circuit, transmitter and receiving system. The transmitter module is in rick made up of a digital info treat fudge and a wireless (infrargond) transmitter break and the eceiver module is made up of a wireless ( infr bed frequency) receiving system squeeze, digital selective information impact block and a decoding block. In the scheme, a telephone receiver acts as a remote terminal to provide input Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) aims to the telephone interface circuit which converts them to corresponding 4 bout double star Coded Decimal (BCD) codes. The transmitter generates an 8 bit physique using this BCD code to make haste asynchronous communicating. The receiver decodes the received signals after checking for any transmission errors ( single(a) bit) in the clay. These decoded bits act as control signals for the operation of home appliances.The system employs an asynchronous type of communication [1] in which the transmitter and receiver clocks are independent. The receiver clock does not have any prior(prenominal) information regarding the phase of the transmitter clock [2]. This leads to the hassle of choosing the correct sampling instants at the receiver [3]. thereof the entropy is catching in the form of frames preferably of individual bits. Each such frame consists of kick the bucket bits, information bits, and stop bits [1]. This is explained in detail in the subsequent sections. When the system is deadened, the info processing block of he transmitter gives constant lawful full(prenominal) payoff. Since the transmitter consumes much power in transfer crystal clear high than logical low, the output of entropy processing block is negated before transmission to dispense with power in the idle state. The receiver module also senses this and be idle whenever the transmitter is contagion continuous logical low. The reception of a protrude bit changes the state of the receiver from an idle to an vigorous state. It then has to sample the remaining selective information bits in the frame at proper sampling instants. approximately of the measure hardware schemes involve the use of monostable ultivibrators at the receiver to recover the entropy b its following the get rolling bit. The monostable multivibrators comm tho rely on variable components such as resistance and capacitance harbors, as well as they often account for a study part of the propagation delays associated with the receiver. We have extended this interference to a fully digital build that presents more challenging tasks including a digital output feed buttocks. Moreover, use of all digital components in the entropy processing horizontal surfaces reduces the propagation delay considerably. The complete design describe of all the modules of the roposed system is presented in Section II. Results and discussions are given in Section III. Finally, we present our conclusions in Section IV. II. DESIGN OUTLINE The block diagram of the proposed telephone based wireless remote control system is shown in Fig. 1. In the proposed system, the telephone set performs the dual functions of telephony and remotely controlling various devices. The remote control mode of the telephone fundament be activated by pressing ‘#’ from the keypad of the telephone. After the desired tasks are accomplished, ‘#’ should be press once again to deactivate the control system.This is one of the functions of the telephone interface circuit, which is discussed next. A. Telephone Interface Circuit The telephone interface circuit integrates the designed system with the exemplar telephone system. As shown in Fig. 2, it basically performs the argumentation of receiving the signals from the local draw in and converting them to the modular digital signals in the BCD format. When any telephone button is press, a eccentric DTMF signal is produced for a short duration [4] which is converted to corresponding BCD code by a standard DTMF to BCD converter (KT-3170) [5].The dual aspect frequencies and the BCD codes associated with each dialed digit are shown in Table 1. The system remain in the idle state until ‘#’ button is pressed which sets the telephone to remote control mode. This mode remains activated until ‘#’ button is pressed again. This is realized in the hardware by using the BCD code corresponding to ‘#’ as the clock to toggle the J-K flip-flop (74112). The flip-flop output toggles whenever the ‘#’ button is pressed and this is directly used to control the mode of operation of the telephone. The DSO output of KT-3170 [5] is used to generate a leap out it for the system as it is logical high whenever a received tone pair has been registered and the output latch is updated. As the latched 4-bit BCD code is directly available at the output of KT-3170, it is given as such to the entropy processing block of the transmitter. These data bits are then processed to facilitate asynchronous communication as explained below. B. Transmitter The 4-bit output of KT-3170 potty not be directly communicable as individual bits as the proposed system employs asynchronous m ode of communication. The 4-bit BCD code is therefore transmitted as frames for proper reception [1].We have chosen an octet bit frame for our system which consists of a last bit followed by four data bits, a parity bit and 2 stop bits. relation bit enables the system to detect any single bit error during transmission. Stop bits mark the closedown of the frame. The frame is then transmitted using infrared (IR) transmitter. As shown in Fig. 2, the transmitter mainly consists of two blocks which are explained below. 1) Fully Digital Data touch on Block: This block performs the function of converting individual bits to 8-bit frames in order to carry asynchronous communication.First bit of the frame is the start bit (taken as 0) which is generated when any of the buttons is pressed. The bring home the bacon 4 bits are the data bits (BCD code) generated by the telephone interface circuit as explained before. Next bit is taken as parity check bit generated by XORing the first 5 bi ts of the frame. Last 2 bits, termed as stop bits, are taken as 1. Following the generation of the start bit, the data bits are loaded in the parallel to series converter (74165) using a D-type flip-flop (7474) and the frame is transmitted serially. 2) IR Transmitter Block: This module transmits the frames enerated in the previous section using an IR emitting diode. The data to be transmitted is modulated using bounty Shift Keying (ASK) with a carrier square oscillate of 38 kHz. The transmission range of the system is thus super improved over the case when data is transmitted without modulation. As the data processing stage gives logical high output in the idle state, it is negated before transmission to save power. Thus, a logical low is actually transmitted whenever the system is in idle state. C. pass receiver The receiver also has 2 running(a) states, viz. , idle and active.It remains in the idle state until it detects a start bit. It then receives the frame starting from t he start bit and checks for a single bit error. If error is detected, no attain is taken and the information has to be transmitted again by the user. The received data bits are then decoded which act as control signals for the operation of various appliances. As is evident from Fig. 3, receiver circuit basis be subdivided into 3 blocks which are explained below. 1) IR recipient role Block: This block receives the transmitted frames and converts the signal back to Transistor Transistor Logic (TTL) levels.A standard 38 kHz IR receiver (TSOP 1738) [6] is used for this purpose. 2) try Clock Generator: The main function of this block is to generate a sampling instant at approximately the middle of the transmitted bit interval. The start bit activates this block and laden proceeds 1 (4-bit up- expect) with value ‘0’. The clock frequency of this counter is 16 metres the bit rate. When the output of this counter changes from 7 to 8, the most signifi roll in the hayt bit changes from ‘0’ to ‘1’ and this rising edge is used as the sampling instant for the data.Start bit also loads the counter 2 (4-bit down-counter) with the frame size i. e. , 8. When this reaches the value ‘0’, the whole block is disabled and is reactivated only when next start bit arrives. 3) Data taste-tester and Decoder: The serial input data is sampled concord to the sampling instant generated in the previous stage and is converted to parallel form using serial to parallel converter (74164). This data is then checked for any 1-bit errors by XORing the bits. If error is found, no deed is taken and the data has to be retransmitted. If no errors are found, the data is decoded using 4-16 decoder (74154) and he signal is given to the appliance for the completion of the corresponding task. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The proposed system has been fully implemented and successfully tested in the standard telephone local loop. The transmitter, ke pt come out the telephone set, taps the DTMF signal from the local loop and transmits the corresponding data frame wirelessly. This signal is received by the receiver installed at the switch board. It decodes the data and takes the corresponding action. At least ten control signals, corresponding to each digit from 0 to 9, can be generated using a standard telephone set.The transmitter was previously implemented without a modulator where the IR LED was kept ON for transmitting logical high and OFF for transmitting logical low. This curb the withdrawnness mingled with the transmitter and receiver to a maximum of 30 cms for proper reception. The range of the wireless system has increased to several meters after modulating the data using 38 kHz square wave. This range also depends on the current flowing through the infrared diode which has to be properly tuned to maximize the range. A standard TSOP 1738 receiver is used in the proposed ystem, which requires a minimum burst length o f 10 cycles for proper detection. This puts an upper limit on the data rate supported by our system which is much observed to be 2. 8 kbps [5]. The IR transmitter is highly directional and requires the receiver to be in line of sight of the transmitter. The reception angle of the receiver is observed to decrease with increasing distance between the transmitter and receiver. This is because of the fact that the power is not uniformly distributed and is concentrated in narrow transmission angle.Moreover, the signal power reduces when the distance between the transmitter and the receiver is increased. So, the receiver has to be highly aligned with transmitter when operating at some substantial distance from it. This problem is of not much concern for our system because the transmitter and receiver, being static in nature, can be properly aligned at the time of installation. The data processing blocks of both the transmitter and the receiver are fully digital in nature. This comprehensi vely reduces the propagation delays involved and increases the rate at which data can be processed in these blocks.Though, data rate is not very important in the present application but this feature makes the design of our data processing blocks suitable for high data rate applications which are commonly seen in outfit communication. IV. CONCLUSIONS A wireless system has been proposed to operate the home appliances remotely using a standard telephone set. This has been successfully tested and is found to be working satisfactorily within a distance of 10 meters. The telephone receiver performs a dual-function of telephony and remotely controlling various devices with the help of its ‘#’ button on the keypad.The telephone interface circuit is easily corporate with the standard local loop thus avoiding any changes in the telephone set. Hence, the proposed system is compatible with any type of telephone working on standard local loop. The system employs asynchronous mode of communication which avoids the need to synchronize the transmitter and receiver clocks, thus making our system less complex and hence cost effective. The proposed fully digital innovative design of the data processing blocks reduces the propagation delay and makes them reusable for even high data rate applications.Moreover, the system is capable of detecting the single bit errors occuring during transmission. The proposed system can be used in a wide range of interoperable applications such as speed control of motors, switching of appliances, control of robots, and so on The above discussed characteristics like simple design, high practical utility and easy installation makes our system highly marketable. REFERENCES [1] Gorry Fairhurst. Asynchronous Communication [Online]. for sale: http://www. erg. abdn. ac. uk/users/gorry/course/phy-pages/async. html. [2] D. Comer, computer Networks and Internets with Internet Applications.Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2004. [3] A . Subramanian, V. P. S. Makh and A. Mitra, â€Å"A mod Digital Transceiver Circuit for Asynchronous Communication”, Enformatika Trans. , vol. 8, pp. 237-241, Oct. 2005. [4] DTMF scene [Online]. Available: http:// www. ece. utexas. edu/mason/codesign/dtmf. html. [5] Samsung Electronics Datasheet. KT3170 Low Power DTMF Receiver [Online]. Available: http://www. ortodoxism. ro/datasheets/SamsungElectronic/mXuusvq. pdf. [6] Vishay Semiconductors Datasheet. Photo Modules for PCM Remote Control Systems [Online]. Available: http://www. vishay. com/docs/82030/82030. pdf\r\n'